Why?

Because of the Battery Curve. The shortest explanation is that batteries get harder to fill the more full they already are. This means the last ten percent takes 4-5 times longer to charge than everything before it. In other words, it takes more time to go from 90-100 than from 10-60.

An inefficient charge takes longer than multiple efficient charges

Charging over 90% negatively affects:

  • The short term [efficacy of your charge] (more time you spend waiting)
  • The long term [health of your car] (damage to your battery pack that will eventually total your vehicle)
  • The [availability of chargers] for both yourself and other drivers (damage that takes chargers offline)

Prove it.

You can easily verify this yourself by simply jotting down the time and percentages of one of your charges. Start charging from somewhere around 10%, mark the time, and then jot what percentage you're at every ten or fifteen minutes. Here are some calculators that can help:

  • Lookup by Make & Model
  • Calculate from logs
  • Start logging now

What is a Battery Curve?

A Battery Curve is the graph of how much power a battery can receive based on its current State of Charge (SoC). A battery with a low SoC always accepts charge more easily than the same battery with a high SoC, but exactly where those percentages are is decided by factors unique to each vehicle- Not just things like the battery chemistry and capacity, but also the age of the battery and temperature of the environment.

Battery curves of some popular EV models

As you can see from looking at these example curves, every EV on the road today has a sharp decline around 80%. That's why manufacturers of both EVs and EV chargers recommend keeping a SoC somewhere between 20% and 80%. That's the threshold at which the cells become quite difficult to charge, requiring more energy and time to continue filling.

How am I causing "Damage"?

A battery that is already mostly full takes more electricity and time to charge.

More electricity means the price increases (eg, 90%-100% might cost $4 while 10%-50% might cost $4). But it also means the heat increases faster for that poriton, too.

More time means you have to wait longer (eg, 90%-100% might take 45min, while 10%-50% might take 15min). But it also means the equipment stays hot for longer.

Together this means damage for both your car AND the charger- Melting electrical components, bloating battery cells, and wearing down plastic and metal parts.

Burnt-out electrical components Bloated battery cells Damaged cables Damaged cases

This damage can leave you stranded in the worst case, but will more often cost you time and money. Damage to the network leads to increased fees to use that charging network. Damage to the vehicle leads to repairing or replacing the vehicle or parts. Damage to chargers also means driving further and waiting longer just to get a charge in the first place.

Well how do I charge to 100%?

By charging slowly and with lower peak levels of power, AC chargers (AKA Slow Chargers) avoid some of these problems. Many EVs come with one straight from the manufacturer or dealership that uses a regular three prong outlet.

AC Charger

You don't need any special circuits or electrician to charge your car this way, but it does take much longer. Many drivers choose to charge overnight and wake up to a 100% full battery. Just make sure you both get a full 8hrs 😅. If you don't have one already, consider buying one- Even if only for emergencies. They're typically under $200. Feel free to find your own, but here are some affiliate links that might help.

  • AC Charger
  • Heavy duty extension